Pete, I take it you weren't in the Royal engineers then
You can retro fit drains but much easier to fit them when starting to build a pond.
They can be 'purge to waste' drains, gravity fed filter systems, loads of type, usually running straight to a vortex chamber for getting rid of suspended waste. It makes pond keeping maintenance a doddle, open a valve and flush to a storm drain.
Most common bottom drain size is 8" with a 4" outlet, there are smaller ones, I think you will need the 2" outlet to attach pipes to the filter. Not sure what filter you have, if there are no suitable connections on the filter then a tank connector will be needed.
Drains have two flanges, usually self tapping screws for tightening/clamping the flanges, chuck the self tappers away drill 6mm holes through the existing pilot holes and get some M6 stainless steel machined screws of suitable length, with nuts on the dry side under the liner.
You can use silicone as a self-forming seal/gasket, this is only a seal, not an adhesive, it doesn't bond to the liner or plastic. I used insertion rubber sheeting and cut the gasket to the same size as the flange.
You can even use off-cuts of liner cut to the size of the flange, even cork. Essentially a gasket is just a 'packer' that removes any discrepencies between two mating surfaces.
Standard grey domestic waste piping and brown terrestrial piping usually 150mm and 4" can be fitted to the bottom drains. You dont need to stick to the dark grey pressure pipe. Plus its too expensive.
Sumo - I'm not sure what you mean by the filter level, you can use standpipes to control the level.
Google some of the koi clubs for their filter design, loads of systems for the DIY filter